This OECD publication provides fresh analysis of regional integration with an in depth look at the development of trade and transport connectivity in Central Asia in the context of the region’s efforts to diversify production, employment and exports and to increase freight traffic along the Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor (TCTC). The TCTC has gained increasing attention as governments seek to expand connections to European and global markets. Governments are accelerating infrastructure development and regional dialogue has served to resolve remaining border disputes. They have also made significant progress in digitalising customs procedures and border controls. Nevertheless, persistent challenges remain. The report identifies options for further improving trade facilitation reforms in a co-ordinated way, and it addresses such challenges as widespread informal fees, warehousing capacity bottlenecks, and limited private investment, all of which continue to constrain the corridor’s potential. Longer term risks, such as the declining level of the Caspian Sea, also weigh on its outlook. Drawing on more than 150 interviews with businesses across the region, as well as extensive discussions with policy-makers and other officials, this report offers an updated overview of the Corridor’s development and the remaining bottlenecks, providing targeted policy recommendations for each country of Central Asia.